List the symptoms, signs, causes and treatment of Fat Embolism Syndrome.
Symptoms ie dyspnoea, confusion,
Signs Respiratory, CNS, cutaneous,
Causes Long Bone #s, smaller bones, sickle cell, compression liposuction etc
Treatment: Supportive ie O2, CPAP, Ventilation.
For a ten mark question, the college answer - though technically hitting all the correct notes- appears a little austere.
A more generously expanded answer could be constructed using the various published review literature on the subject. It would resemble something like the following:
Symptoms of fat embolism
Signs of fat embolism
Laboratory features
Causes of fat embolism
Management of fat embolism
Weird management strategies have been advanced, such as heparin (which supposedly encourage lipase activity and discourages the formation of pletelt aggregates). Alcohol intoxication seems to be somehow protective against fat embolism.
Mellor, A., and N. Soni. "Fat embolism." Anaesthesia 56.2 (2001): 145-154.
Gurd, Alan R., and R. I. Wilson. "The fat embolism syndrome." Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery, British Volume 56.3 (1974): 408-416.
Myers, R., and J. J. Taljaard. "Blood alcohol and fat embolism syndrome." J Bone Joint Surg Am 59.7 (1977): 878-880.
Hofmann, S., G. Huemer, and M. Salzer. "Pathophysiology and management of the fat embolism syndrome." Anaesthesia 53.S2 (1998): 35-37.