List the major biochemical abnormalities that are usually associated with the following conditions:
a) Adrenal insufficiency.
b) Refeeding syndrome.
c) Tumour lysis syndrome.
d) Ethylene glycol toxicity.
Adrenal Insufficiency |
Hyponatraemia |
Refeeding Syndrome |
Hypophosphataemia Hypokalaemia Hypomagnesaemia Hyperglycaemia |
Tumour Lysis Syndrome |
Hyperphosphataemia Hyperkalaemia Hypocalcaemia Hyperuricaemia Metabolic acidosis |
Ethylene Glycol Toxicity |
High anion gap acidosis High osmolar gap Hypocalcaemia |
The tabulated answer from the college is comprehensive, and would be difficult to improve upon.
Instead, I will offer links to detailed discussions of the abovementioned syndromes.
Cooper, Mark Stuart, and Paul Michael Stewart. "Adrenal insufficiency in critical illness." Journal of intensive care medicine 22.6 (2007): 348-362.
Khan, Laeeq UR, et al. "Refeeding syndrome: a literature review."Gastroenterology research and practice 2011 (2010).
Howard, Scott C., Deborah P. Jones, and Ching-Hon Pui. "The tumor lysis syndrome." New England Journal of Medicine 364.19 (2011): 1844-1854.
Parry, Michael F., and Ronald Wallach. "Ethylene glycol poisoning." The American Journal of Medicine 57.1 (1974): 143-150.