Principles of measurement and monitoring

ECG machine design and components

Measurement of ABG  pH, PaO₂, PaCO₂ and bicarbonate

Principles of ultrasound

EVD vs. Codmans fiberoptic pressure monitors

Invasive and non-invasive measurement of blood pressure

Viscosity, density and their consequences

Co-oximetry

Difference between proximal and distal arterial line waveforms

Principles of measurement of end-tidal CO₂.

Principles of ABG measurement (various electrodes)

Principles underlying pulse oximetry.

Pharmacology of vasoactive agents: noradrenaline and vasopressin

Basic principles of ultrasound imaging

Measurement of EtCO₂

End-tidal CO₂ measurement: causes of the EtCO₂-PaCO₂ gap

Principles of ultrasound imaging — including the Doppler Effect.