| Question 10.2 | |
| Question 4.3 | |
| Question 4.1 |
| Question 7.2 | |
| Question 7.1 | |
| Question 5.1 | Causes of metabolic acidosis: a mixed triple disorder |
| Question 19.1 | |
| Question 3.3 | |
| Question 3.2 | |
| Question 3.1 |
| Question 18.2 | Causes of metabolic acidosis; including the urinary anion gap |
| Question 18.1 | |
| Question 3.3 | |
| Question 3.2 | |
| Question 3.1 |
| Question 18.3 | |
| Question 18.1 | |
| Question 12 | |
| Question 9.1 | |
| Question 7.1 |
| Question 12.3 | Causes of metabolic acidosis: cause of a high anion gap in the absence of acidaemia |
| Question 12.1 | Mixed respiratory and metabolic acidosis - severe asthma |
| Question 5.1 |
| Question 20.2 | Metabolic acidosis; also errors of ABG measurement (the "lactate gap") |
| Question 4.2 | |
| Question 4.1 |
| Question 20.3 | |
| Question 20.2 | Causes of metabolic alkalosis - due to GI chloride loss |
| Question 17.2 | Causes of lactic acidosis... also, hypomagnesemia as a cause of seizures |
| Question 17.1 | |
| Question 13.1 | Mixed metabolic and respiratory acidosis due to sympathomimetic toxidrome |
| Question 8 | |
| Question 4.3 | |
| Question 4.2 | Causes of metabolic acidosis : a normal anion gap metabolic acidosis. |
| Question 4.1 | Causes of lactic acidosis following abdominal surgery and seizures |
| Question 23.1 | Causes of metabolic acidosis: severe pneumonia with a raised lactate |
| Question 20.3 | |
| Question 20.2 | Causes of lactic acidosis - in this case, its probably meningococcal sepsis |
| Question 20.1 | |
| Question 3.3 | Causes of lactic acidosis: the patient recovering from a generalised seizure |
| Question 3.2 | Sources of error in blood sample analysis: effects of a delay in sample processing. |
| Question 3.3 | Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis due to normal saline. |
| Question 3.2 | Respiratory acidosis and metabolic alkalosis: eg. an exacerbation of COPD. |
| Question 3.1 | High anion gap (lactic acidosis), with respiratory alkalosis and metabolic alkalosis. |
| Question 27 | High anion gap metabolic acidosis due to lactate; with attention to the causes of lactic acidosis. |
| Question 23 | Pyroglutamic acidosis, with a specific focus on the risk factors which predispose to it. |
| Question 12.3 | ABG interpretation: a mixed respiratory alkalosis and metabolic alkalosis. |
| Question 30.2 | Metabolic alkalosis with severe hypokalemia - likely, hyperaldosteronism. |
| Question 24 | |
| Question 7.3 | Causes of a normal anion gap and high osmolar gap |
| Question 7.2 | Causes of a high anion gap and high osmolar gap |
| Question 26.4 | Causes of lactic acidosis (red cell transketolase comes up) |
| Question 26.3 | High anion gap metabolic acidosis in the context of rhabdomyolysis. |
| Question 26.2 | High anion gap metabolic acidosis: diabetic ketoacidosis with HONK |
| Question 26.1 | Metabolic alkalosis following the resolution of a respiratory acidosis. |
| Question 23 | High anion gap metabolic acidosis due to lactic acidosis. |
| Question 18.3 | |
| Question 18.2 | Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis due to a toluene-induced Type 1 (distal) RTA. |
| Question 7.2 | Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis in a Scotsman with an Addisonian crisis |
| Question 7.1 | Ketoacidosis: particularly, its various causes. |
| Question 3.4 | Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis with a negative urinary anion gap. |
| Question 3.3 | Citrate toxicity: high anion gap acidosis and a high total : ionised calcium ratio. |
| Question 3.1 | Lithium toxicity featuring a negative anion gap |
| Question 20.3 | Causes of metabolic acidosis - a Type 1 renal tubular acidosis. |
| Question 20.2 | Causes of metabolic acidosis - HAGMA with a raised osmolar gap. |
| Question 6.4 | Causes of lactic acidosis in sepsis; a triple acid-base disorder |
| Question 6.3 | Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis due to normal saline. |
| Question 6.2 | ABG interpretation in pregnancy - respiratory acidosis following a caesarian. |
| Question 6.1 | A mixed alkalosis - combination of respiratory alkalosis and metabolic alkalosis |
| Question 3.5 | Acute respiratory alkalosis due to hyperventilation |
| Question 3.4 | Acute respiratory acidosis with a metabolic alkalosis |
| Question 3.3 | High anion gap metabolic acidosis with a metabolic alkalosis. |
| Question 3.2 | High anion gap acidosis plus a metabolic and respiratory alkalosis of salicylate overdose |
| Question 3.1 | Causes of metabolic acidosis - mixed HAGMA and NAGMA. |
| Question 28 | Causes of lactic acidosis- an abdominal catastrophe. |
| Question 21.3 | High anion gap metabolic acidosis in HONK; also, complications of HONK. |
| Question 21.2 | Causes of lactic acidosis (red cell transketolase comes up) |
| Question 6.1 | ABG interpretation in pregnancy - respiratory acidosis following a caesarian. |
| Question 3.2 | Pyroglutamic acidosis, again. |
| Question 8.3 | HAGMA: diabetic ketoacidosis with HONK and respiratory acidosis. |
| Question 8.2 | |
| Question 8.1 | Causes of lactic acidosis in sepsis; a triple acid-base disorder |
| Question 22.3 | |
| Question 22.2 | |
| Question 9.2 | ABG interpretation in pregnancy - respiratory acidosis following a caesarian. |
| Question 9.1 | Metabolic alkalosis with respiratory compensation. |
| Question 3.3 | Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis due to a toluene-induced Type 1 (distal) RTA. |
| Question 3.2 | Causes of metabolic alkalosis- resolution of a chronic respiratory acidosis. |
| Question 3.1 | Pyroglutamic acidosis mixed with a NAGMA. |
| Question 22 | HAGMA with a low albumin; also independent variables in Stewart's approach. |
| Question 18.2 | |
| Question 9.2 | Lactic acidosis and respiratory acidosis after seizures |
| Question 6.4 | Causes of lactic acidosis in sepsis; a triple acid-base disorder |
| Question 6.3 | Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis due to normal saline. |
| Question 6.2 | PaO2/FiO2 ratio criteria for ARDS. Also, calculation of bicarbonate replacement dose. |
| Question 6.1 | A mixed alkalosis - combination of respiratory alkalosis and metabolic alkalosis |
| Question 25.3 | Causes of a normal anion gap and high osmolar gap |
| Question 25.2 | Causes of a high anion gap and high osmolar gap |
| Question 19 | Mixed HAGMA and metabolic alkalosis in HONK, and calculation of corrected sodium. |
| Question 24 | Causes of lactic acidosis in sepsis (and causes of lactic acidosis in general) |
| Question 15.3 | Causes of lactic acidosis (red cell transketolase comes up) |
| Question 15.2 | Lactic acidosis which resolves rapidly - seizures, cardiac arrest or hanging. |
| Question 13 | A day 5 post-trauma patient has fallen apart. What are the causes of lactic acidosis? |
| Question 19.2 | Toxins which cause a raised osmolar gap as well as a raised anion gap. |
| Question 7.3 | ABG interpretation in pregnancy - respiratory acidosis following a caesarian. |
| Question 7.2 | |
| Question 7.1 | Calculation of the anion gap to determine "has this ketoacidosis resolved?" |
| Question 18.2 | |
| Question 9.1 | |
| Question 3.3 | Causes of lactic acidosis (red cell transketolase comes up) |
| Question 3.2 | Lactic acidosis which resolves rapidly - seizures, cardiac arrest or hanging. |
| Question 3.1 | A mixed alkalosis - combination of respiratory alkalosis and metabolic alkalosis |
| Question 7 | |
| Question 6.3 | |
| Question 6.1 | HAGMA in diabetic ketoacidosis: "does this patient still need insulin?" |
| Question 5 | Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis with hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis. |
| Question 23 | The anion gap as a diagnostic tool: advantages and disadvantages |
| Question 18 |
| Question 9 | Define base excess; discuss why it may change independently from the anion gap. |
| Question 4 |
| Question 10 |
| Question 11 | Causes of a high anion gap and high osmolar gap |
| Question 10 | Mixed respiratory acidosis and lactic acidosis; also ventilation strategies in asthma. |
| Question 17 | Assessment of acid-base compensation: Boston and Copenhagen methods |
| Question 7 |
| Question 14 |
| Question 12 |