Define and explain damping, resonance, critical damping and optimum damping.
Concise definitions were required with a clear explanation of the underlying physical principles.
The response time of the system, degree of overshoot, effect on amplitude, noise and ability to
faithfully reproduce frequencies relative to the natural resonant frequency were important
considerations.
Many candidates interpreted the question as relating to arterial lines and a detailed discussion
of the components and characteristics of an intra-arterial catheter and transducer system did not
attract marks.
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Stoker, Mark R. "Principles of pressure transducers, resonance, damping and frequency response." Anaesthesia & intensive care medicine 5.11 (2004): 371-375.
Gilbert, Michael. "Principles of pressure transducers, resonance, damping and frequency response." Anaesthesia & Intensive Care Medicine 13.1 (2012): 1-6.
Schwid, Howard A. "Frequency response evaluation of radial artery catheter-manometer systems: sinusoidal frequency analysis versus flush method." Journal of clinical monitoring4.3 (1988): 181-185.
Gardner, Reed M. "Direct blood pressure measurement—dynamic response requirements." Anesthesiology: The Journal of the American Society of Anesthesiologists 54.3 (1981): 227-236.