Renal system

Renal Physiology

Functional anatomy of the kidneys

Structure and function of the glomerulus

Glomerular filtration

Function of the proximal tubule

The loop of Henle

The counter-current mechanisms in the kidney

Distal tubule and collecting duct

Endocrine functions of the kidney

Regulatory functions of the kidney

Renal handling of water

Renal handling of sodium

Renal handling of potassium

Renal regulation of acid-base balance

Renal handling of urea and glucose

Renal pharmacology

Classification of diuretics

Furosemide

Acetazolamide

Renal measurement

Measurement of glomerular filtration rate and renal blood flow

Serum creatinine and estimation of creatinine clearance

Theoretical Foundations of Renal Replacement Therapy

Principles of renal replacement therapy in brief summary

Diffusion as a mechanism of solute removal

Diffusion in the counter-current dialysis circuit

Ultrafiltration as a mechanism of fluid removal

Filtration fraction as a measure of ultrafiltration

Convection as a mechanism of solute removal

Physical and chemical characteristics of dialysis membranes

Properties of dialysate and replacement fluid

Pre- and post-filter replacement fluid

Practical Aspects of Renal Replacement Therapy

Vascular access for urgent dialysis

Anatomy of the extracorporeal dialysis circuit

Anticoagulation of the dialysis circuit

Strategies to extend the lifespan of the dialysis circuit

Clearance of urea and uraemic toxins

Strategies used to enhance solute clearance

Factors which influence drug dosing in dialysis

Modalities of Renal Replacement Therapy

Conventional intermittent haemodialysis (IHD)

An overview of the modalities of renal replacement therapy

Continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT)

Slow low efficiency daily dialysis (SLED)

High flux techniques and unusual filter membranes

Clinical Applications of Dialysis

Pathophysiological consequences of chronic renal failure

Indications for dialysis

Determining the dose of dialysis

Complications of Dialysis

Unintended consequences of renal replacement therapy

Haemoperfusion for Blood Purification

Blood purification by adsorption

Selectivity of sorbents and efficacy of adsorption

Indications for haemoperfusion

Complications unique to haemoperfusion