Canonical Reading Material for the Exam Candidate
Selected reading material for acid-base disturbances
Arterial Blood Gas Analysis
How the blood gas analyser measures ABG variables
Sources of error in blood gas analysis
A systematic approach to ABG interpretation
ABG interpretation in the context of normal pregnancy
ABG interpretation in the context of hypothermia
Stewart's physicochemical approach to acid-base analysis
Diagnostic Techniques for Acid-Base Disturbance
Base excess and standard base excess
The anion gap, advantages and disadvantages
The delta gap and delta ratio, advantages and disadvantages
Urinary electrolytes and the urinary anion gap
Osmolar gap
Respiratory Acid-Base Disorders
Causes of respiratory acidosis and alkalosis
Consequences of respiratory acidosis and alkalosis
Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of metabolic acidosis
Consequences of metabolic acidosis
Causes of lactic acidosis
Causes of lactic acidosis in sepsis
Evidence for monitoring lactate in critical illness
D-lactic acidosis
Pyroglutamic acidosis
Ketoacidosis
Sodium bicarbonate: indications and application
Renal tubular acidosis
Metabolic Alkalosis
Causes of metabolic alkalosis
Management of metabolic alkalosis
Consequences of metabolic alkalosis
A diagnostic approach to metabolic alkalosis