Question 23 from the second paper of 2005 asked the candidate to "list the potential adverse effects of endotracheal intubation". Judging from the college answer, they were after the specific complications of intubation, rather than the broader complications of invasive mechanical ventilation.
With only a few additional embellishments, the following table of complications and their solutions is presented here copied and pasted straight from Question 23. The model for this table was the excellent review article by Divatia and Bhowmick (2005), which can be recommended as the one article you need to read for this topic.
Complication |
Preventative measure |
Failure of intubation |
|
Oesophageal intubation |
|
Right main bronchus intubation |
|
Bronchospasm |
|
Hypoxia |
|
Aspiration |
|
Pneumothorax and tension pneumothorax |
|
Cuff leak |
|
Myocardial ischaemia |
|
Spinal injury |
|
Increased intracranial pressure |
|
Increased intraocular pressure |
|
Structural damage: -lips |
|
Griesdale, Donald EG, et al. "Complications of endotracheal intubation in the critically ill." Intensive care medicine 34.10 (2008): 1835-1842.
Rashkin, Mitchell C., and Tern Davis. "Acute complications of endotracheal intubation. Relationship to reintubation, route, urgency, and duration." CHEST Journal 89.2 (1986): 165-167.
Divatia, J. V., and K. Bhowmick. "Complications of endotracheal intubation and other airway management procedures." Indian J Anaesth 49.4 (2005): 308-18.