Breadcrumb
Deranged Physiology
Required Reading
Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition
Trials and guidelines for endocrinology, metabolism and nutrition
Nutritional Assessment in Critical Care
Assessment of nutritional status
Predictive equations to estimate nutritional requirements
Estimation of energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry
Estimation of energy expenditure by the reverse Fick method
Daily nutritional requirements of the critically ill patient
Scenarios in Critical Care Endocrinology
Causes of hypoglycaemia
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Hyperosmolar non ketotic hypergycaemic coma (HONK)
Sick euthyroid syndrome
The influence of drugs on thyroid function
Hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis
Hypothyroidism in the ICU
Myxoedema coma
Wernicke's encephalopathy
Carcinoid syndrome of neuroendocrine neoplasia
Phaeochromocytoma
Primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency
Relative adrenal insufficiency of critical illness
The "Stress Response" to critical illness
Unique Nutritional Problems in Critical Illness
Stress-induced hyperglycaemia
Glycaemic control among the critically ill
Consequences of malnutrition in the critically ill patient
Consequences of morbid obesity in the critically ill patient
Complications of overfeeding the critically ill patient
Cachexia
Refeeding syndrome
Physiological adaptation to prolonged starvation
Principles of Nutritional Support
Summary of guidelines for nutritional support in ICU
Enteral nutrition vs parenteral nutrition in the critically ill
When and how to start parenteral nutrition
When and how to start enteral nutrition
Management of inadequate nutrition and feed intolerance
Hypocaloric enteral nutrition
Immunonutrition and pharmaconutrition
Enteral nutrition for patients with renal failure in the ICU
Nutritional manipulation of carbon dioxide production
Nutrition for the patient with severe pancreatitis
Nutritional support for the morbidly obese ICU patient
Enteral nutritional supplementation
Complications of enteral nutrition
Routes of enteral nutrition
Contents of enteral supplements
Parenteral nutritional supplementation
Contents and properties of the parenteral nutrition mixture