This is relevant to Question 14 from the first paper of 2001, "What are the determinants of central venous pressure? How may its measurement guide patient management?" A very similar question (Question 8) was again repeated in the first paper of 2014. An excellent overview of this topic exists in this book chapter by Smith, Grounds and Rhodes; their Table 1 was used as the basis of the following list. At a basic level, the determinants of CVP can be divided into six broad groups. These groups are measurement technique, central venous blood volume, central venous vascular compliance, tricuspid valve competence, cardiac rhythm, and the compartment pressures in the thorax and abdomen.
Thus:
Measurement technique:
Central venous blood volume
Central venous vascular compliance
Tricuspid valve competence
Cardiac rhythm
Compartment pressures in the thorax and abdomen.
CVP is vaguely equivalent to right atrial pressure.
Most of this material can be found in Bersten and Soni’s” Oh's Intensive Care Manual”, 6th Edition, as well as the CVC section from The ICU Book by Paul L Merino (3rd edition, 2007)
Additionally, I have made use of the amazing Essentials of Critical Care, 8th ed.(ch.3 - Monitoring in the ICU).
For those willing to pay for it, there is a good UpToDate article on this.
For those unwilling to pay, see these free articles:
Magder, S. "More respect for the CVP." Intensive care medicine 24.7 (1998): 651-653.
Pittman, James AL, John Sum Ping, and Jonathan B. Mark. "Arterial and central venous pressure monitoring." International anesthesiology clinics 42.1 (2004): 13-30.
Marik, Paul E., and Rodrigo Cavallazzi. "Does the central venous pressure predict fluid responsiveness? An updated meta-analysis and a plea for some common sense*." Critical care medicine 41.7 (2013): 1774-1781.
Alzeer A et al. Central venous pressure from common iliac vein reflects right atrial pressure. Can J Anaesth 1998 Aug 45 798-801.
Magder, Sheldon. "Central venous pressure: A useful but not so simple measurement." Critical care medicine 34.8 (2006): 2224-2227.