Question 9 from the first paper of 2005 asked the candidates to list the clinical features and manifestations of SLE. Specific focus was on the influence of these various manifestations on the course of ICU stay, and how you might go about managing them.
Topic Area | Manifestations | Influence on ICU management |
Airway | Cricoarytenoiditis |
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Respiratory | Pulmonary fibrosis |
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Pleuritis |
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Pulmonary hypertension |
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Circulatory | Myocarditis |
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Constrictive pericarditis |
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Increased risk of coronary artery disease |
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Neurological | Cerebral vasculitis |
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Endocrine | Cushing syndrome due to chronic steroid use |
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Renal | Lupus nephritis |
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Gastrointestinal | Gastrointestinal tract vasculitis (and/or ulceration) |
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Hepatic | Hepatic vein thrombosis due to APLS |
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Haematological | Anaemia of chronic disease |
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Haemolytic anaemia |
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Antiphospholipid syndrome |
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Infectious | Immunossuppression, and the risk of sepsis |
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References
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Cervera, Ricard, et al. "Morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus during a 10-year period: a comparison of early and late manifestations in a cohort of 1,000 patients." Medicine 82.5 (2003): 299-308.