Neurological Intensive Care

Intracranial hypertension
Methods of intracranial pressure monitoring
Indications for intracranial pressure monitoring
Cerebral metabolic demand
Interpretation of intracranial pressure waveforms
Correlation of ICP waveforms with intracranial pathology

Traumatic Brain Injury
A summary of the Brain Trauma Foundation guidelines
Prevention of secondary brain injury: "Neuroprotective Measures"
Management of raised intracranial pressure
Osmotherapy for management of raised intracranial pressure
Intracranial pressure as a therapeutic target
Cerebral perfusion pressure as a therapeutic target
Post-traumatic seizures, their prevention and management
Prognosis in severe brain injury
Neuromonitoring in severe brain injury
Brain herniation
Decompressive craniectomy for traumatic brain injury
Therapeutic and prophylactic hypothermia for traumatic brain injury
Polyuria following traumatic brain injury
Cerebral salt wasting syndrome
Haemodialysis in patients with traumatic brain injury
Concussion and unconsciousness following head injury

Delirium
Delirium in critical illness
Acute behavioural disturbances

Acute cerebrovascular injury
Causes and classifications of stroke
Classical stroke syndromes
Endovascular clot retrieval for early ischaemic stroke
Complications following endovascular clot retrieval for stroke
Acute supportive management for stroke in the ICU
Decompressive craniectomy for malignant MCA infarction
Arguments against ICU admission for comatose stroke patients
Thrombolysis for early ischaemic stroke
Factors which influence prognosis of intracranial haemorrhage
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis

Subarachnoid Haemorrhage
Risk factors for subarachnoid haemorrhage
Grading of subarachnoid haemorrhage severity
Monitoring for vasospasm following SAH
Prevention and management of vasospasm following SAH
Evidence for the use of nimodipine in SAH
Non-vasospasm complications of SAH
Management of the unsecured aneurysm in subarachnoid haemorrhage

Approach to the patient with weakness
Sustained neuromuscular junction blockade in critical illness
Approach to the ICU patient with generalised weakness
Features that distinguish myopathy from neuropathy
Intensive Care for Guillain-Barre Syndrome
ICU-acquired weakness
Distinguishing features of lower motor neuron syndromes
Myasthenic crisis

Seizure disorders including status epilepticus
Management of Status Epilepticus in ICU
Non-convulsive status epilepticus
Relationship of seizure duration and neurological outcome
Extracranial consequences of status epilepticus
Causes of status epilepticus
Features that discriminate "true" seizures from pseudoseizures

Intensive Care for the Cardiac Arrest Survivor
Prognostication after cardiac arrest

Meningitis and encephalomyelitis
Encephalitis

Disorders of consciousness
The Glasgow Coma Scale in the assessment of consciousness
Approach to the unconscious patient in the ICU
States of persistent unconsciousness

Neurological Examination and Investigations
Causes of neck stiffness
Assessment of swallowing function in a critically ill patient
Physical signs of cerebellar disease
The utility of the EEG in the ICU
The utility of SSEPs in the ICU

Interpretation of cerebrospinal fluid
Properties and contents of cerebrospinal fluid

Cranial Nerve Examination in the Critically Ill Patient
Examination of the cranial nerves
Examination and lesions of the olfactory nerve (CN I)
Examination of visual acuity and blindness (CN II)
Fundoscopy: characteristic findings (CN II)
Examination of pupil reactivity and diameter (CN II, III)
Visual fields and lesions of the visual pathways (CN II)
Examination of eye movements (CN III, IV, VI)
Lesions of the oculomotor nerve (CN III)
Lesions of the trochlear nerve (CN IV)
Lesions of the abducens nerve (CN VI)
Disorders of conjugate gaze
Lesions of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)
Lesions of the facial nerve (CN VII)
Corneal reflex (CN V, VII)
Oculocephalic and cold caloric reflexes (CN III, IV, VI and VIII)
Lesions of the vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII)
Lesions of the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves (CN IX and X)
Lesions of the accessory nerve (CN XI)
Lesions of the hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
Horner's Syndrome

Neuromiscellanea
The Significance of Hiccups
Thromboprophylaxis in neurosurgical patients
Posterior reversible leukoencephalopathy syndrome (PRES)
Fever in neurosurgical patients
Cerebral oedema