Table of CICM Part 2 SAQs

Physiological consequences of spinal cord transection: diaphragmatic breathing

Acute management of spinal cord injury, with a digression regarding the role of steroids

Weaning from mechanical ventilation in a patient with a high spinal cord injury

Futile and non-beneficial care in the ICU

Ventilator-associated pneumonia

Complications of endotracheal intubation: "what could go wrong?"

Non-convulsive status epilepticus: definition, diagnosis, risk factors, management.

Assessment of poisoning in pregnancy, in childhood, and in old age with renal impairment

Two weird rare trauma issues: traumatic asphyxia and resuscitative thoracotomy

Design and staffing of intensive care units: single rooms

Medical gas supply testing

Cardiac biomarkers in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction.

Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia; smudge cells on a blood film.

Thrombocytopenia with evidence of peripheral destruction

Carcinoid syndrome; specifically, clinical features, and diagnostic biochemistry.

Urinalysis in a neutropenic patient

Hypernatremia - diagnosis of central diabetes insipidus

Immune suppression: timing of infection following transplant

Weird body fluids; or, "why is this urine so red"

Management of raised intracranial pressure

Stress-related gastric ulceration in critical illness

Rhabdomyolysis as a cause of acute kidney injury

Abdominal compartment syndrome

A summary of toxins and their antidotes

Causes of lactic acidosis in sepsis  (and causes of lactic acidosis in general)

Characteristic electrolyte derangement patterns

Polyuria following traumatic brain injury. What has caused it?

Causes of metabolic acidosis - toxic alcohol ingestion

Causes of lactic acidosis in sepsis

High anion gap (lactic acidosis), with respiratory alkalosis and metabolic alkalosis.

Respiratory acidosis and metabolic alkalosis: eg. an exacerbation of COPD.

Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis due to normal saline.

Causes of lactic acidosis following abdominal surgery and seizures

Causes of metabolic acidosis : a normal anion gap metabolic acidosis.

Base excess and standard base excess

Antiarrhythmic drugs in resuscitation of cardiac arrest.

High altitude pulmonary oedema

"What's That Rash?" 

Factors influencing intensive care outcome: genetic influences

Illness severity scoring systems

 Meta-analysis: advantages and disadvantages. Also, the funnel plot

Ventilator-associated pneumonia: nebulised antibiotics

Pharmacology of immunosuppressants: pred, myco and tac

Sedation monitoring and dexmedetomidine done three ways

Stress ulceration - risk factors for it, and strategies for prevention

Monitoring blood lactate levels in the critically ill

Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome

The Glasgow Coma Scale in the assessment of consciousness: its utility and its limitations.

Creme de la misc:  systemic sclerosis

Viscoelastic tests of clotting function: use of TEG to guide transfusion

Tension-based and content-based indices of oxygenation: A-a gradient vs. PaO₂/FiO₂

Severe asthma in pregnancy

Serotonin syndrome vs. neuroleptic malignant syndrome 

Tests of statistical significance: Chi-squared test, Fisher’s Exact Test and logistic regression.

Management of superior vena cava obstruction

Ventilation strategies for ARDS

NAGMA: Ureteric diversion and renal tubular acidosis

Hypocaloric enteral nutrition: permissive underfeeding and "trophic" feeding

Central and mixed venous saturation monitoring

Applications of ECMO; also some literature supporting the use of ECMO.

The utility of somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) in post-arrest prognostication

A critique of the RIFLE classification system.

Allocation concealment , block randomisation, stratification, minimisation algorithm.

Assessment of nutritional status; also, pathophysiology of refeeding syndrome

Causes and management of methaemoglobinaemia.

Critique of the Surviving Sepsis guidelines

The "Sedation Holiday" - useful? Discuss.

Infection control measures for different organisms

Parametric and non-parametric analytical tests

Care of the brain-dead organ donor. 

Clearance of the C-spine in the unconscious patient

"Does this CSF look infected to you?" .. an infected EVD

Complications attributed to the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit

Complications of cardiopulmonary bypass

Transpulmonary pressure, its uses and limitations

Frusemide in critical care

Encephalitis of unknown aetiology: diagnostic workup and management

Inhaled and systemic pulmonary vasodilators for ARDS: nitric oxide

Definitions: relative risk, absolute risk, NNT and study power.

Factors which influence intensive care outcome; specifically age-related changes in physiology

Bronchiolitis in the infant. Assessment and management.

Storage lesions of refrigerated packed red blood cells.

Benefits of leukodepleted blood.

Determinants of central venous pressure and its utiility  in the ICU

General principles of antibiotic use: factors which influence the choice of agent

Transport of the critically ill patient

Perioperative care for the partial hepatectomy patient

Routine clinical examination of the ICU patient: is there a point?

Principles of HFOV; also Physiology of gas exchange in HFOV

Pulseless electrical activity, cardiac tamponade and pericardiocentesis technique.

Your ICU is a filthy zoo. Discuss strategies to prevent the transmission of MROs.

Another game of "Name That ECG Abnormality"- HOCM

Another game of "Name That ECG Abnormality"- complete heart block

Biomarkers of sepsis: procalcitonin in some detail

Graft versus host disease

( Haematology and Oncology )

Corrosive ingestion

Blood transfusion in ICU.

 Meta-analysis:  features suggestive of "high quality".

Methods of intracranial pressure monitoring and indications for intracranial pressure monitoring

Comparison of peripheral, central and mixed venous oxygen saturation.

Troubleshooting the temporary pacemaker

Severe pancreatitis in ICU: causes, complications, role of antibiotic prophylaxis.

Sepsis in the heart-lung transplant recipient; also, complications of this transplant.

Conventional CPR vs. compression-only CPR.

Management strategies for bronchopleural fistula: advantages and disadvantages

Differentials for pre-eclampsia and eclampsia

Causes of unconsciousness: with extensor plantar responses

Spinal injury localisation: where's the lesion?

Effect of miscellaneous multi-system disease: Parkinson's disease

"Guess That ECG": RBBB plus bifascicular block

"Guess That ECG": left ventricular aneurysm

"Guess That ECG": atrial flutter with 1:1 conduction

Stroke syndromes: lateral medullary syndrome

Hepatic encephalopathy

How to manage multidrug-resistant Gram-negatives

Penetrating neck injury

The Kehoe principle and the Precautionary principle

The Standardised Mortality Ratio (SMR)- interpretation of an SMR funnel plot

Penetrating neck injury

Laryngoscopy devices: videolaryngoscopy

Pulse oximetry - principles, and sources of error

Prognosis in moderate brain injury: ICU vs HDU admission

What are the different causes of shock (in this pancreatitis patient)?

Critical evaluation of procalcitonin; a variant of the biomarkers of sepsis

Blinding and allocation concealment

Pseudobulbar palsy; Important spinal cord injury syndromes

The utility of the EEG and of Somatosensory Evoked Potentials (SSEPs) in the ICU.

Cardioversion: "critically evaluate" its use in the ICU

End-tidal CO2 monitoring: "critically evaluate" its role in the ICU.

Illness severity scoring systems: what is the point of them?

Osmotherapy for management of raised intracranial pressure: hypertonic saline.

Fluid resuscitation for septic shock

Hyponatremia with hypervolemia; with a focus on SIADH and CSW.

Influence of chronic renal failure on critical illness

Clinical trial methodology: a list of memorised definitions

Sodium valproate toxicity.

Define intention to treat analysis and randomisation.

A diagnostic approach to metabolic alkalosis

DKA (or HHS?...))

Non-infectious pneumonia:  management and investigations of COP

Surgical abdominal catastrophe: management of enterocutaneous fistula

Pulmonary complications of liver disease and hepatorenal syndrome

Cardiac arrest in pregnancy: especially, peri-mortem Caesarian

Pharmacokinetic changes in critical illness: absorption and clearance

Heat stroke, broadly (pathophysiology, diagnosis, management, prognosis)

Brain herniation: radiological and clinical features

Random investigations: GBS, meningitis, PRES, B12 deficiency and ankylosing spondylitis

The diagnostic utility of urinary electrolytes

Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus (VRE)

A comparison of states of persistent unconsciousness

Endovascular clot retrieval for early ischaemic stroke

Retrieval and management of a patient with a cerebral arterial gas embolism

Hypertonic saline: indications, mechanisms of action, evidence

Prognostication following cardiac arrest - factors which confound it

Cost-benefit analysis: adoption of new components of care

Physiological consequences of spinal cord transection:

Pressure area care prevention and management in the ICU

Primary tertiary and secondary survey: Initial management

Secondary survey in trauma; following damage control surgery.

The Standardised Mortality Ratio (SMR)

Prognostication following cardiac arrest: "useful information" in determining prognosis. 

Safe prescribing and minimisation of medication error

 Influence of chronic renal failure on critical illness

Preparation for an awake fiberoptic intubation.

Clearance of the C-spine in the unconscious patient

Causes of renal failure and the diagnostic workup of nephritis

Eponymous spinal fractures: Jefferson's, Hangman's and Clay Shoveller's.

Management of Status Epilepticus in ICU

Mixed respiratory acidosis and lactic acidosis; also ventilation strategies in asthma.

Fiberoptic bronchoscopy: Bronchoscopic anatomy of the bronchial tree

Fluid resuscitation and assessment of fluid responsiveness

Comparative pharmacology of inotropes and vasopressors

Management of raised intracranial pressure. Also, risk factors for post-traumatic seizures.

Examination of the cranial nerves: CN VI

The dermatomes - "Name This Dermatome"

Cranial nerve lesions: CN IX, CN XII, CN VII, CN VI.

Pulmonary embolism: a comparison of TTE, CTPA, troponin and D-dimers.

Non-invasive mechanical ventilation and oesophageal perforation

The child with shock: principles of management

Use of neuromuscular junction blockers in the management of ARDS

Community-acquired pneumonia: critically evaluate the role of steroids

Whipple's pancreaticoduodenohorrendoplasty

Heat stroke

Grading of subarachnoid haemorrhage severity - WFNS vs Fisher score

The difficulty in making a diagnosis of sepsis; also, lets talk about biomarkers of sepsis

Clinical testing for brain death: preconditions for clinical testing

Radiological diagnosis of brain death.

Another game of "Name That ECG Abnormality"- hypokalemia with u-waves

The ventilated patient with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Discuss the role of interventional radiology in the management of the critically ill.

Cranial nerve signs: medullary infarct, CN III, bulbar palsy, mydriasis, 

Cytomegalovirus

Snake bite envenomation - a brown snake, probably Pseudonaja textilis

Differential diagnosis of diffuse pulmonary infiltrates (is it ARDS?)

Positioning and immobilisation of a critically ill trauma patient

Automated chest compression devices and their role in resuscitation

Differential diagnosis of ARDS in an AML patient receiving ATRA

Underwater seal chest drain systems

Acute management of stroke in the ICU - supportive and definitive.

Facilitating speech in a patient with a tracheostomy

Causes of respiratory failure: differential diagnosis of ARDS

The heat and moisture exchange filter (HME)

Dual lumen endotracheal tube - indications for use.

The Passy-Muir Valve- contraindications to its use.

A diagnostic approach to metabolic alkalosis

Prevention of acute renal failure (contrast-induced nephropathy) in AAA repair.

Regional anaesthesia in the ICU: "outline the role"

Define base excess; discuss why it may change independently from the anion gap.

Pre-dilution and post-dilution replacement fluid: advantages of pre-dilution.

 Troubleshooting the dialysis circuit (very negative access pressure alarm)

Troubleshooting the dialysis circuit (blood leak into the effluent)

Strategies to optimise solute clearance

Acute management of the drowned patient.

Interpretation of formal pulmonary function tests

Lactic acidosis and respiratory acidosis after seizures

Perioperative management of the liver transplant recipient

Warm autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

Morphological abnormalities or RBCs and RBC inclusion bodies post splenectomy

Plasmacytosis and the hypergammaglobulinaemia hyperviscosity syndrome

Aspergillosis: specifically, issues related to its diagnosis

Non-inferiority trials

Cluster randomisation and non-inferiority trials

Pharmacology of antiarrhythmic drugs: compare lignocaine, amiodarone and magnesium sulfate.

Evaluation of aortic dissection: TOE vs CT vs MRI vs aortogram.

Hypercapneic respiratory failure in a comatose fat man.

Cachexia: a definition, risk factors, and consequences.

Another game of "Name That ECG Abnormality"

Another game of "Name That ECG Abnormality"

Another game of "Name That ECG Abnormality"

A comparison of renal replacement therapy modalities: CVVHF vs SLED vs IHD

Causes and management of massive haemoptysis

Causes of hepato-splenomegaly

Toxic antiarrhythmic polypharmacy: calcium channel blocker and beta blocker overdose

Theophylline overdose

Myotonic dystrophy: one of the weirdopathies

Acromegaly: another one of the miscellaneous multi-system diseases

Heart failure: methods of assessment of right ventricular failure

Diastolic heart failure

Complaint resolution process

Management of postpartum haemorrhage

Diagnosis of hyponatremia and correction of sodium deficit

Leptospirosis, in frightening detail

Thyrotoxicosis and myxoedema coma

Inotropes in resuscitation of septic shock: comparison of adrenaline, dopamine and dobutamine.

Outcomes in adult ARDS

Community acquired pneumonia: specifically, historical features of special relevance.

Calcium channel blocker overdose ... compared with a beta-blocker overdose.

Critically evaluate the clinical information system (CIS) in intensive care

Prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy

Aerial transport of a critically ill patient.

Heparin resistance: diagnostic features and management strategies.

Von Willebrand disease: characteristic laboratory features and diagnosis.

"What's Wrong With These Coags?" - Interpretation of mixing studies.

Atrial fibrillation: management of AF in the ICU

Utility of serum ammonia and BNP (see Cardiac biomarkers)

Plasmapheresis: principles of use, indications and complications.

All about the significance of the endothelial glycocalyx in sepsis.

Severe hypothermia and management of hypothermic cardiac arrest

Sympathomimetic toxicity - this time, MDMA

Capnometry and the arterial-expired carbon dioxide gradient

Strategies to prolong the lifespan of the CRRT circuit

Indications for ECMO, and specifically the relative merits of VV and VA ECMO.

Weaning from ventilation, assessment of extubation readiness and extubation on to NIV.

Resuscitation of the septic shock patient

Radiological diagnosis of brain death- when clinical diagnosis is impossible

Complications of oesophageal perforation: tracheo-oesophageal fistula

Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis with hypokalemic rhabdomyolysis.

Indications for intracranial pressure monitoring

Prognostication following cardiac arrest: the utility of various parameters.

Another game of "Name That ECG Abnormality"

Another game of "Name That ECG Abnormality"

Troubleshooting the temporary pacemaker: failure to sense the atrium

Cardiac biomarkers: specifically, critically evaluate the use of troponin.

List the techniques to assess the circulatory system.

Calculation of the Oxygen extraction ratio (OER)

Discuss the role of interventional radiology in the management of the critically ill.

Analysis of clinical trials: overall assessment of quality

Cardiac tamponade: with a focus on pulsus paradoxus

Pharmacokinetics of antibiotics in critical illness: specifically, in septic shock

Haemostatic resuscitation: how to reduce the use of PRBCs

Massive haemoptysis

Causes of shock in burns: a variant of causes of shock in trauma

Anterior spinal artery syndrome 

Diagnosis and management of metabolic alkalosis

Cardiac failure in pregnancy, or possibly respiratory failure.... 

Assessment and management of bronchiolitis.

Decompressive craniectomy for malignant MCA infarction; also generic management of stroke.

Optimal PEEP for open lung ventilation in ARDS

Complications of tracheostomy: a case of dislodged tracheostomy

Definitions of terms in statistics: prevalence, relative risk and attributable risk

Another game of "Name That ECG Abnormality"

Another game of "Name That ECG Abnormality"

Another game of "Name That ECG Abnormality"

Ventilation strategies for COPD

Interpretation of PA catheter data, including the calculation of SVR

Monitoring for vasospasm following SAH: advantages and disadvantages of various techniques.

Design and staffing of intensive care units

Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus (VRE)

Interpretation of iron studies: diagnosis of anaemia in ICU (inflammatory)

Interpretation of iron studies: diagnosis of anaemia in ICU (iron deficiency)

Another game of "Name That ECG Abnormality"

Another game of "Name That ECG Abnormality"

Another game of "Name That ECG Abnormality"

Radiological findings in hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy

 Causes of lactic acidosis

Haemodialysis in a patient with traumatic brain injury

Ventilation strategies for ARDS:  significance of the tidal volume

Prognostication after cardiac arrest

Visual fields and lesions of the visual pathways (CN II)

How the blood gas analyser measures ABG variables

Temperature monitoring techniques: different sites for monitoring

Ascites: the "fluid thrill", an obscure clinical test for massive ascites.

Cardiovascular physical examination: auscultation of ASD, VSD and PDA.

Tumour lysis syndrome.

Biomarkers in assessment of acute kidney injury, eg urea:creatinine ratio

Propofol infusion syndrome. Risk factors, laboratory evidence, management.

Paediatric intubation: practical approach.

Permissive hypotension,  haemostatic resuscitation and damage control surgery.

Causes of acute liver failure and management of acute liver failure

Inhaled pulmonary vasodilators: nitric oxide

Phaeochromocytoma: clinical features, investigations and management

Clearance of the C-spine in the unconscious patient

Plasmapheresis: indications, advantages, disadvantages. "Critically evaluate".

Definitions of terms relevant to the monitoring of pressure

Palliative care in the ICU.

Causes of hypoxia in the post-bypass patient

The paediatric airway: a practical discussion of intubation.

"What's Wrong With This Blood Film?" - Heinz bodies

ABO blood grouping: a transfusion reaction (mismatched transfusion)

ABO blood grouping: which of these products require a crossmatch?

Critical incident debrief.

Management of hyponatremia and intracranial pressure with hypertonic saline

Causes of respiratory failure: Troubleshooting a suddenly difficult ventilation scenario

Complications of tracheostomy: tracheo-innominate fistula

Donation after circulatory determination of death

Isosomolar hyponatremia - TURP syndrome

Limitations of CT in assessment of traumatic brain injury

Primary tertiary and secondary survey: ICU care after damage control surgery

Utility of the routine daily chest Xrays - "critically evaluate" this pointless practice

Veno-occlusive disease of the liver: diagnosis and management options.

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura or the differential diagnosis thereof

Haemoptysis in an abattoir worker; another game of "Name That Microbe".

Salicylate overdose, with a characteristic blood gas

Rheumatoid arthritis: how it makes intubation difficult, and how it complicates ICU management.

Features which influence prognosis following cardiac arrest

Another game of "Name That ECG Abnormality"- epicardial pacing lead reveresal

Another game of "Name That ECG Abnormality"- RV hypertrophy

Clinical signs of valve disease: AR severity, indications for AVR, causes of systolic murmur.

Another game of "Name That ECG Abnormality"- WPW, this time in AF

Salicylate toxicity in unusual detail

Creating a Rapid Response Service (RRS) - a bureacratic quagmire

Management of bronchopleural fistula following lobectomy

ECG criteria for distinguishing VT from SVT 

Cardiac arrest post cardiac surgery: differences in management

Coagulase-negative staphylococci and the meaning of positive blood cultures

Management of delirium, or more accurately aggressive psychosis

Causes of renal failure and timing of dialysis

Elements of randomisation

Nutrition for the morbidly obese ICU patient. Also, effects of obesity on metabolism.

Stewart's physicochemical approach to acid-base analysis

Prone ventilation for ARDS: specifically, effects on oxygenation.

The Standardised Mortality Ratio (SMR)

Assessment of extubation readiness: a case of "at-risk" extubation

Interpretation of deranged LFTs

Infectious and non-infectious causes of fever: a post-operative scenario

Assessment of oxygen delivery to the tissues.

Anatomy of the PA catheter. Also, directly measured and derived PA catheter variables

Endotracheal tube: specifically, the above-cuff suction port.

Nitric oxide supply systems; what might you monitor during nitric oxide therapy?

Causes of metabolic acidosis: severe pneumonia with a raised lactate

Causes of pancytopenia in a patient with sepsis and MOSF

Causes of deranged LFTs. Also, causes of metabolic acidosis.

Mesenteric ischaemia

Massive upper GI haemorrhage

Decannulation of tracheostomy

Standardised Mortality Ratio

Prediction scoring systems in the ICU

Trauma in children: crucial differences when compared to adult trauma

Definitions of CRRT terminology

Directly measured and derived PA catheter variables

Mixed venous saturation - why might it be 86%?

Another game of "Name That ECG Abnormality"

Approach to the unconscious patient in the ICU

Causes of respiratory failure: trauma patient with post-operative hypoxia

Arterial waveforms at different positions in the vascular tree

Information derived from the arterial line square wave test

Broadly, what information can be derived from the arterial line waveform?

Management of a burns patient:  classification of burns and estimation of %BSA

Paracetamol toxicity, management of acute liver failure, and criteria for transplantation.

Diabetic ketoacidosis vs. HONK: distinguishing features and management of HONK.

The morbidly obese multi-trauma patient

Definitions of CRRT terminology; also the CVVHDF circuit diagram

Therapeutic hypothermia in cardiac arrest, brain injury and other "extended indications"

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP): organisation-level strategies for prevention

Care for the patient with oesophageal perforation

Sepsis in the heart and lung transplant recipient - a pneumonia, of course

ECG interpretation - polymorphic VT

ECG interpretation: broad complex regular tachycardia

Neuromonitoring in severe brain injury

Bronchopleural fistula

Optimal PEEP in ARDS

Hypernatremia - central vs. nephrogenic DI

Ventilator-associated lung injury

Another game of "Name That ECG Abnormality"

Critique of the Surviving Sepsis Guidelines

Assessment of nutritional status

Chylothorax- diagnosis and management

Policymaking in intensive care: specifically, policies to improve CLABSI rate

Abnormal coags and a metabolic acidosis

Tumour lysis syndrome

Enteral nutrition in critical illness

"Name That Microbe": Pneumonia arthralgia and a new murmur in a cattle farmer

"Name That Microbe":  Gram-positive bacillus in the CSF

Acronymous organisms: ESCAPPM and HACEK organisms again.

Methaemoglobinaemia due to dapsone

Interpretation of  Directly measured and derived PA catheter variables

Preparation for a difficult intubation

Another game of "Name That ECG Abnormality"

Another game of "Name That ECG Abnormality"

Another game of "Name That ECG Abnormality"

Fluid resuscitation of the burns patient

Fluid resuscitation and assessment of fluid responsiveness

Interpretation of iron studies: causes of a massively elevated serum ferritin

"What's Wrong With These Coags?" - causes of an elevated APTT

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

Comparative pharmacology of sedatives and analgesics: ketamine vs. morphine vs. dexmedetomidine.

Cardiovascular physical examination: causes of a pansystolic murmur.

Physiotherapy in the ICU: risks and benefits

When and how to start Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN)

Assessment of fluid balance in the critically ill patient

Assessment of oxygenation from ABG data: a gas taken at high altitude.

Assessment of oxygenation from ABG data:  a left-shifted p50

Assessment of oxygenation from ABG data:  a pulmonary embolism.

Respiratory failure and ARDS in pregnancy

Definitions Relative risk, absolute risk, NNT, and the power of a study.

Pulmonary embolism: role of thrombolysis

Immunosuppressants in a solid organ transplant recipient

Pleural effusion: what analysis of the fluid can reveal

Complications of angiography - diagnosis and management

Acalculous cholecystitis

Definitions: Type 1 error, type 2 error, study power, sample size and effect size.

Functional status and outcome in ICU. Tools to assess functional status of survivors.

Pyroglutamic acidosis, with a specific focus on the risk factors which predispose to it.

Causes of renal failure: interstitial nephritis due to β-lactams

Mixed metabolic and respiratory acidosis due to sympathomimetic toxidrome

Pre-eclampsia and HELLP syndrome

Hypoosmolar hyponatremia - postpartum hypopituitarism, Sheehan's syndrome

Beer potomania. also, management of hyponatremia

The value of post-arrest angiography

Transthoracic echo: focused bedside TTE vs. formal TTE

Contents and properties of the parenteral nutrition mixture

Empyema; also vancomycin vs. linezolid

Approach to the ICU patient with generalised weakness:  GBS, myasthenia gravis and MND.

Adverse drug reactions

"What's Wrong With These Coags?" Antiphospholipid syndrome.

Aerial transport of a critically ill patient.

Analgesic techniques for multiple rib fractures: advantages and disadvantages of thoracic epidural

Stress-induced hyperglycaemia: mechanisms, consequences and management.

Causes of a high anion gap and high osmolar gap

Causes of a normal anion gap and high osmolar gap

Estimation of energy expenditure in critical illness;

Clinical features and management of hypocalcemia

The utility of the EEG in the ICU

End-tidal capnometry traces and analysis of ventilator waveforms

Acute supportive management for stroke in the ICU

Enteral vs parenteral nutrition; specifically in the context of pancreatitis

Care of the brain-dead organ donor. 

Pulmonary embolism: critically evaluate the role of thrombolysis

 Underwater seal chest drain system: explain how it works.

Endobronchial blocker: indications, advantages, limitations.

Logistics of inter-hospital transfer: what issues would you need to consider?

Clearance of the C-spine: CT vs MRI

Platform trials - definition, advantages, disadvantages

Flow-volume loops - variable intrathoracic obstruction

Causes of shock: cardiogenic shock following myocardial infarction

Clinical signs of cardiac disease: right heart failure

Management of hyponatremia in a patient requiring dialysis

CREST syndrome

Clostridium difficile again: risk factors, diagnosis, complications, prevention, treatment.

Clinical policymaking in intensive care: how to revise a transfusion policy

Renal failure: protection from contrast, antibiotic dosing, indications for dialysis

Antimicrobial resistance in the ICU

Sympathomimetic toxicity - methamphetamine

The child with shock: principles of management

Nutrition in the ICU: a generic approach

Complications of arterial line insertion: a pale ischaemic limb

Evidence against the use of high-volume haemofiltration

Capnometry: advantages and limitations.

Cardiac biomarkers of myocardial ischaemia: troponin vs. CKMB

Pneumonia in the immunocompromised host: specifically, in AIDS.

Lung biopsy: specifically, indications for open lung biopsy

Assessment of acid-base compensation: Boston and Copenhagen methods

Femoral vein anatomy for central line insertion

Critical Care Outreach and the Medical Emergency Team (MET)

High anion gap metabolic acidosis in HONK.

Acute supportive management for stroke in the ICU (specifically, a brainstem stroke).

Extended indications for therapeutic hypothermia - not limited to cardiac arrest.

Another game of "Name That ECG Abnormality"

Hypomagnesaemia: "write a short note".

Comparison of the common colloid resuscitation fluids

Corticosteroids in septic shock

Outline the potential roles for the use of ultrasound  in the critically ill patient.

Phaeochromocytoma. Investigations, management, complications.

Horner's Syndrome; specifically, the anatomical sites where the lesion may have occurred.

Oculocephalic reflex (CN III, IV, VI and VIII) - what does a normal one tell you?

Complications of arterial cannulation: a trashed limb post angiography.

Care for the patient with oesophageal perforation

"What's That Rash?" 

The Thrombophilic Screen: Factor V Leiden

Respiratory failure in children

Causes of thrombocytopenia. Also, lets talk about the management of HITTS. 

Perioperative management of the liver transplant recipient

Causes of lactic acidosis

Causes of lactic acidosis... also, hypomagnesemia as a cause of seizures

Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta

Care for the post-pneumonectomy patient

Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TENS)

Approach to the undifferentiated shock patient

Breaking bad news.

Ventilation strategies for COPD: assessment of the severity of COPD

Management of acute high spinal cord injury

Nutrition for the morbidly obese patient

Fluid resuscitation for the burns patient: causes of shock

Causes and workup for metabolic alkalosis

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia

Acute haemolytic transfusion reaction 

Tetanus, again!

Polyuria in the neurosurgical patient

Colonic pseudo-obstruction

Mesenteric ischaemia

Adrenal insufficiency: causes, biochemistry and management

Causes of metabolic acidosis 

Hypocalcemia: post-operative hypoparathyroidism again

Open disclosure

Troubleshooting the pacemaker circuit;  advantages of DDD pacing and benefits of CRT

Antibiotic dosing in septic shock

Deep venous thrombosis in ICU - specifically, of the upper limb

Approach to the diagnosis of hyponatremia; and management of hyponatremia.

Infectious and non-infectious causes of fever and the management of fever. 

Definitions: sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV.

Analgesia options: specifically analgesic techniques for multiple rib fractures.

Antibiotic pharmacology:  ceftriaxone, gentamicin and meropenem.

Differential diagnosis of wheeze: a patient with unilateral wheeze

Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) vs transoesophageal echocardiography (TOE)

The Standardised Mortality Ratio (SMR)

Open and closed models of intensive care units

Propofol vs. dexmedetomidine: Comparative pharmacology of sedatives and analgesics

Decompressive craniectomy: indications, complications, influence on outcome.

 Meta-analysis:  the forest plot. Its anatomy in some detail.

Approach to the patient with severe airway injuries.  Also, management of stridor.

Weird body fluids - "chicken fat supernatant"

Thoracic epidural vs. PCA: analgesic techniques for multiple rib fractures

Causes of shock in a trauma patient. Also, use of TTE in assessment of shock states.

Assessment of oxygenation from ABG data: hypoventilation (a normal A-a gradient)

Pyroglutamic acidosis, again.

Meningitis in general; specifically, aseptic meningitis.

Immediate management of drowning

Snake bite envenomation

Management of severe heart failure: this time, the right heart only

Non-invasive mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients.

Clinical signs of cardiovascular disease: right heart failure. Also, causes of pulmonary hypertension.

Guillain-Barre syndrome: prevention of infectious complications

Guillian-Barré syndrome vs. acute transverse myelitis

Antibiotic dosing during dialysis

Factors which influence the accuracy of CVP measurement

Troubleshooting the temporary pacemaker circuit

Intracranial pressure as a therapeutic target

Interpretation of deranged LFTs (or, "why is this alcoholic unconscious?")

Glycaemic control in critical illness.

Myxoedema coma

Pathophysiology and clinical features of smoke inhalation injury.

Sleep disturbance in the ICU: causes, consequences, management strategies.

Which antibiotic choice would be appropriate for these MROs.

Functional status and survival in ICU. Also, age-related changes in physiology.

Sources of error in blood sample analysis: effects of a delay in sample processing.

Causes of lactic acidosis: the patient recovering from a generalised seizure

Causes of acute liver failure: six differentials

ATRA syndrome again: a differential diagnosis in ARDS

Salicylate toxicity

Cardiac arrest in the pregnant patient

Corticosteroids in septic shock

ABG changes in pregnancy. Influence of pregnancy on respiratory gas exchange

Hypertension in the post-bypass patient: causes and complications

A mixed alkalosis - combination of respiratory alkalosis and metabolic alkalosis

Lactic acidosis which resolves rapidly - seizures, cardiac arrest or hanging.

Causes of lactic acidosis (red cell transketolase comes up)

Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia: diagnosis and management

Risks associated with MRI imaging of ICU patients.

Base of skull fracture

Another game of "Name That ECG Abnormality"

Another game of "Name That ECG Abnormality"

Another game of "Name That ECG Abnormality"

Complications of CVC insertion: also, ultrasonography of the IJV and carotid artery.

Open disclosure: definition, stepwise approach, importance.

Prevention of hypoxia during airway management

Complications associated with renal replacement therapy

Anaemia in critical care: its causes and approach to diagnosis

Activated Protein C  and Recombinant  Factor VIIa. "Write short notes", they ask.

Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus (VRE)

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura; lactic acidosis following seizures

Interpretation of Directly measured and derived PA catheter variables

Another game of "Name That ECG Abnormality"

Another game of "Name That ECG Abnormality"

Myxoedema coma - due to amiodarone. Specifics of management.

Phaeochromocytoma, again.

Causes of hypoglycaemia in a Type 1 diabetic.

Assessment of extubation readiness

Obstetric catastrophe: investigating the woman suspected of pre-eclampsia

Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus (VRE)

Ventilation strategies for status asthmaticus

Advantages and disadvantages of tracheostomy; also ethical contraindications.

Approach to the patient suddenly impossible to ventilate

Complications attributed to the cardiopulmonary bypass circuit

Drowning in children

Calcium channel blocker overdose

Transverse myelitis: clinical features, diagnosis and treament

Polymorphic VT - recognition and management

Community-acquired pneumonia: risk stratification

Isosomolar hyponatremia - TURP syndrome

Anaemia of chronic inflammation: interpretation of iron studies

Anaemia of iron deficiency: interpretation of iron studies

Tricyclic antidepressant overdose - an ECG exercise

Approach to the hideous whole-body rash - purpura fulminans again

Airway pressure release ventilation (APRV).

Complaint resolution - in the context of cultural safety

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura; a diagnostic approach

Pharmacology of antifungal agents: Fluconazole; "critically evaluate" fluconazole.

Accidental arterial insertion of a large-bore venous vascular device

Adrenal insufficiency: causes, consequences and management.

SARS pneumonia: risk factors and management strategies.

Polyuria following brain injury. A variation on the theme of hypernatremia

Transfusion-associated lung injury (TRALI)

Paediatric airway management. Specifically: approach to the difficult paediatric intubation.

Information derived from the arterial pressure :  pulsus paradoxus

Pneumococcal meningitis in the  post-splenectomy patient.

Ventilation strategies and supportive non-ventilation strategies for ARDS

Causes of metabolic alkalosis

Causes, consequences and management of hypercalcemia.

Salicylate overdose, with a characteristic blood gas

Acute vs acute-on-chronic liver failure: difference in their features

Policymaking in intensive care: specifically, policies to improve CLABSI rate

Influence of rheumatoid arthritis on critical care

Outline the circulatory and respiratory changes that occur after birth.

Reversal of warfarin; the medical management of massive intracranial haemorrhage.

Clinical testing for brain death: ineligibility for clinical testing

The anion gap as a diagnostic tool: advantages and disadvantages

Causes of lactic acidosis in sepsis